Ali Pasha Ali Pasha Tepelena
or Yannina, the "Lion of Yannina" (1741 - January 24, 1822), the Albanian ruler (pasha) of the western part of the Rumelia, the Ottoman Empire, the European territory, also known as European Turkey. His court was in Ioannina.
His name in the local languages: Albanian: Ali Pash Tepelena Aromanian, Ali Pãshelu, Greek: Αλή Πασάς Τεπελενλής Ali Pasa Tepelenlis or Αλή Πασάς των Ιωαννίνων Ali Pasa ton Ioanninon (Ali Pasha of Ioannina) and Turkish: Ali Pasha Tepedelenli.
Contents [hide]
an increase of Ali Pasha
2 Ali Pasha as ruler
3 The downfall of Ali Pasha
4 Comments
5 See also
6 References
7 Further Literature
[edit] The rise of Ali Pasha
The statue of Ali Pasha was born in Tepelene
Ali became a powerful clan in the village Hormove near the Albanian town of Tepelene in 1744, where his father Veli was bey (leader). The family lost much of its political and material status while Ali was still a boy, and after the assassination of his father in 1758 his mother, Hamko, a group of bandits. Ali became a notorious brigand leader and attracted the attention of the Turkish authorities. He aided the pasha of Negroponte (Euboea) in implementing a rebellion in Shkodra. In 1768 he married the daughter of a wealthy pasha of Delvina, through which he has an alliance.
His rise through Ottoman ranks continued with his appointment as lieutenant of the pasha of Rumelia. In 1787 he received the pashaluk of Trikala in reward for his support for the sultan's war against Austria. This was not enough to achieve its ambitions, shortly after he seized control of Ioannina, which remains his power for the next 33 years. He used to expand a weak Ottoman government to his area even further, to taking control of most of Albania, Greece and the western Peloponnese.
[edit] Ali Pasha as ruler
Castle of Ali Pasha in Albania.
Ali policy as ruler of Ioannina was of little more than simple expediency, he operated as a semi-independent despot and allied himself with whoever offered the most advantageous time. To a seaport on the Albanian coast Ali formed an alliance with Napoleon I of France, Francois Pouqueville had as its general consul in Ioannina. The Treaty of Tilsitt, where Napoleon, the Czar granted his plan to dismantle the Ottoman Empire, Ali switched sides and allied with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1807th His machinations were allowed by the Ottoman government in Istanbul for a mixture of expediency - it was better than had Ali as a semi-ally than an enemy - and the weakness, as the central government does not have enough force to oust him that time .
The poet George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron visited Ali's Court in Ioannina in 1809 and took the encounter in his Childe Harold. He apparently had mixed feelings about the despot, having regard to the glory of Ali's Court and the Greek cultural revival that they do in Ioannina, which Byron described as "superior in wealth, refinement and learning" for all other Greek city. In a letter to his mother, however, Byron regrets Ali's cruelty: "His Highness is the merciless tyrant, guilty of the most horrible cruelties, very brave, so good, a general requirement that she give him the Mahometan Buonaparte ... but as a barbaric when he is successful, roasting rebels, etc, etc.. "
Although nominally a Muslim, Ali Pasha
"... was a cruel tyrant and Faithless, yet he was not a Turk but an Albanian, he was a rebel against the Sultan, and he was previously an indirect friend of the Sultan's enemies [1]."
In fact, it was Ali Pasha and his Albanian soldiers, who eventually subdued the fiercely independent Souli, and it was more about power than anything else:
"This was a conquest of Christians by Mahometans, but it is not a conquest of Christians by the Turks. It was in fact a conquest of the Albanians by Albanians. [1] "
helped near the end of his, Ali Pasha finally made peace with the Souli and Markos Botsaris Ali Pasha against combat the Ottoman soldiers sent to conquer and to kill Ali. The arbitrary cruelty that was Ali Pasha on his subjects notorious throughout the region. Forty years after the people of Gardhiq, Albania was wrong of his mother, Ali worked revenge by killing 739 male descendants of the original perpetrators. In 1801, he tried to rape the lady of his eldest son, but was foiled, his revenge was the girl and seventeen of their companions have bound, gagged and thrown alive into Lake Pamvotis. The incident is still remembered in local folk songs. In 1808, he delivered one of his most famous opponent, the Greek klepht Katsantonis. The unfortunate Husband was in public, by his broken bones with a sledgehammer.
The Life of Lord Byron by John Galt offers a different explanation of the lake Pamvotis incident. In this version, Ali Pasha had acted out of concern for his daughter-in-law, at the heart of her husband's infidelity. There is no word about the rape or the additional execution of the woman companion. Galt also points out that Ali inaugurated's heavy use of the bandits who infested the country as well as its significant infrastructure improvements the country for trade, improving the living conditions of people, and that, all things considered, he "acted in part of a just, when a merciless, Prince. "
[edit] The downfall of Ali Pasha
Ali Pasha's Grave.
In 1820, Ali ordered the assassination of a political opponent in Constantinople. The reformist Sultan Mahmud II, who used to restore the authority of the Sublime Porte, this opportunity to refuse to Ali by the appointment of its deposit. Ali to resign his official posts and put up a tremendous resistance to the Ottoman troop movements, indirect support of Greek independence, as some 20,000 Turkish troops fought Ali's powerful army. in January 1822 , however, Ottoman agents assassinated Ali Pasha and sent his head on the Sultan. After 2 years of fighting, when asked to surrender for the beheading (he was deceived with offers of a full pardon), he proclaimed famous: "My head ... will not be waived, as the head of a slave" [2] fight and held until the end, an act that earned him respect: received
"Kursheed, to whom she was on a large plate of silver plate, rose to him, bowed three times before it, respectfully kissed the Bart, with the expression according to his wish that he could earn himself a similar end. In such a scale, has the admiration with which Ali's courage inspired extinguish these barbarians the memory of his crimes. "[2]
He was full of honors and despite his at times brutal rule, villagers pay their last respect to Ali:" No one saw more than sadness, that the military Epirotes (people from the region, where Ali was , and lived). "[2]
The story of Ali Pasha, the transgression was fictionalized in The Count of Monte Cristo, by Alexandre Dumas, père. In the novel, Haydee, the daughter of Ali Pasha masquerades as a slave of the count and helps his revenge on the man who betrayed her father.
The scene of Ali's death, the monastery of Pandelimonos on an island in the lake Pamvotis is now a popular tourist attraction. The hole through the ball killed, it is still visible, and the monastery has a museum dedicated to him that a number of his personal property
0 comments:
Post a Comment